Women Really Are the Stronger Sex

CONDITION MAN OUTLIVE INSTANCES ENGLISH COMPARE Southern LOOK HISTORIC EXPOSE CASE FAMINE ICELAND FREED

   A recent academic study ___ shown that under extreme ___ such as famines, epidemics ___ enslavement, women are able ___ survive for longer than ___. Across modern populations, women ___ men in almost all ___, with life expectancy for ___ women being 83.1 years, ___ to 79.5 years for ___.

   Now academics from the ___ University of Denmark have ___ at data from seven ___ cases when populations were ___ to extreme hardship, in ___ to gain new insights ___ the gender mortality gap. ___ studies included the Irish ___ of 1845-1849, the ___ measles epidemics of 1846 ___ 1882 and the experiences of ___ Liberian slaves returning to Africa from the US in the early 19th century. During the 1882 Iceland measles epidemic, for example, life expectancy dropped from 43.99 to 18.83 years for females and from 37.62 to just 16.76 years for males.

   The researchers found that women had lower mortality across almost all ages, and women lived longer on average than men. Based on these findings, the academics concluded, “the hypothesis that the survival advantage of women has fundamental biological underpinnings is supported by the fact that under very harsh conditions females survive better than males even at infant ages when behavioral and social differences may be minimal or favor males”. The academics referred to research that suggests hormonal differences might explain the gender mortality gap. For example, estrogens, found in larger quantities in women, have anti-inflammatory effects, whereas testosterone, found in larger amounts in men, may actually suppress the immune system.

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Have fun....and take care! 255 SEP-A-2018